The Engineering Design Process vs. The 5E Model

Introduction

As STEM education becomes increasingly more prevalent, so will the abundance of systematic approaches. What follows is a whirlwind of trial and error; methodologies are piloted, explored, promoted, rejected, etc. Currently, two methodologies have been at the forefront of my own exploration, and these have become the basis for which I design our STEM curriculum: The Engineering Design Process (EDP) and the 5E Instructional Model. Now, before I divulge these methodologies, please take note that this is based solely on my experiences and my research in the field. This does not mean that there aren’t other methodologies out there that are not equally effective. Both the Engineering Design process and the 5E model are used to streamline complex tasks and promote innovative thinking, but they serve distinct purposes.

Overview of the Engineering Design Process

• Definition: The Engineering Design Process is a series of steps that engineers follow to come up with a solution to a problem. It’s iterative, meaning steps are repeated as needed.

• Steps Involved:

• 1. Ask: What is the problem?
  2. Imagine: Collect relevant data and information.
  3. Plan: Select the most promising idea and develop a detailed plan.
  4. Create: Bring the solution to life by building a prototype or model.
  5. Test: Conduct tests to evaluate the prototype’s performance
  6. Improve: Refine and enhance the solution

Overview of the 5E Instructional Model 

• Definition: The 5E Model is an instructional design model used in education, particularly in science teaching, to promote active learning and student engagement.

• Stages Involved:

• 1. Engage: Captivate students’ interest and stimulate their curiosity.
  2. Explore: Construct new knowledge through student-centered activities
  3. Explain: Facilitate understanding through discussion and explanation.
  4. Engineer: Apply new knowledge and skills.
  5. Evaluate: Assess learning and skill development and encourage reflection.

Key Differences

• Purpose:
  • Engineering Design Process: Provides a structured approach for solving problems and creating effective solutions.
  • 5E Model: Focuses on teaching and learning, particularly in science education, to deepen students’ understanding and engagement.
• Steps and Structure:
  • Engineering Design Process: Iterative, with a focus on problem-solving, prototyping, and testing.
  • 5E Model: Linear progression designed to build knowledge and understanding through active learning phases.
• Application:
  • Engineering Design Process: Used by engineers and designers to develop new products, systems, or processes.
  • 5E Model: Used by educators to design and deliver lessons that facilitate deeper understanding and retention.

Practical Examples

• Engineering Design Process Example: Developing a new type of eco-friendly packaging material. Steps would include defining the need for sustainable packaging, researching materials, prototyping various designs, and testing their effectiveness.

• 5E Model Example: Teaching a lesson on ecosystems. Start by engaging students with a video on endangered species, exploring local habitats, explaining the balance of ecosystems through interactive discussions, elaborating by having students design their own ecosystems, and evaluating through quizzes and projects.

The Engineering Design Process and the 5E Instructional Method are a dynamic duo of innovative thinking and problem-solving. Through my journey as a STEM curriculum writer and professional development specialist, I’ve discovered how these two methods complement each other perfectly. I use the Engineering Design Process to amplify the 5E Model, especially during the engineering phase, in the STEM Education Works curriculum I develop.

By blending these methodologies, we can spark creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills in our students. Whether designing an invention or creating an engaging lesson plan, these frameworks offer the perfect recipe for success.

–  Chauntée Pitts